tar #不负责压缩，只负责归档打包
选项：
z #使用gzip格式进行压缩
j # 使用bzip2格式进行压缩
J #使用xz格式进行压缩
c #创建压缩包
v #显示过程
f #指定压缩包的名称
czf #打包压缩 tar.gz格式的压缩包
cjf #打包压缩 tar.bz2格式的压缩包
cJf #打包压缩 tar.xz格式的压缩包
t #查看压缩中的内容
tf #指定要查看的压缩包名称
x #解压
xf #解压指定的压缩包
-C #解压到指定的目录
h #打包软连接的真实路径
P #使用绝对路径打包
X #指定排除文件的列表文件
--exclude= #指定排除的文件
--exclude-from= #指定排除文件的列表
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[root@qls ~]# ll total 656 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 670293 Jul 29 09:47 services [root@qls ~]# tar czf services.tar.gz services [root@qls ~]# ll total 792 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 670293 Jul 29 09:47 services -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 136200 Jul 29 09:48 services.tar.gz [root@qls ~]# tar cjf services.tar.bz2 services [root@qls ~]# ll total 916 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 670293 Jul 29 09:47 services -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 124166 Jul 29 09:48 services.tar.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 136200 Jul 29 09:48 services.tar.gz [root@qls ~]# tar cJf services.tar.xz services [root@qls ~]# ll total 1016 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 670293 Jul 29 09:47 services -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 124166 Jul 29 09:48 services.tar.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 136200 Jul 29 09:48 services.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 100640 Jul 29 09:49 services.tar.xz [root@qls ~]# tar czf etc.tar.gz /etc tar: Removing leading `/' from member names #删根的操作是正常的 [root@qls ~]# ll total 10952 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10171684 Jul 29 09:56 etc.tar.gz [root@qls ~]# tar tf services.tar.gz services [root@qls ~]# tar xf services.tar.gz [root@qls ~]# ll total 10952 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10171684 Jul 29 09:56 etc.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 670293 Jul 29 09:47 services -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 124166 Jul 29 09:48 services.tar.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 136200 Jul 29 09:48 services.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 100640 Jul 29 09:49 services.tar.xz [root@qls ~]# tar xf etc.tar.gz [root@qls ~]# ll total 10964 drwxr-xr-x 77 root root 8192 Jul 29 08:56 etc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10171684 Jul 29 09:56 etc.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 670293 Jul 29 09:47 services -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 124166 Jul 29 09:48 services.tar.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 136200 Jul 29 09:48 services.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 100640 Jul 29 09:49 services.tar.xz [root@qls ~]# tar cjf etc.tar.bz2 /etc tar: Removing leading `/' from member names [root@qls ~]# tar cJf etc.tar.xz /etc tar: Removing leading `/' from member names [root@qls ~]# ll total 26808 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8994047 Jul 29 10:01 etc.tar.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10171684 Jul 29 09:56 etc.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7238084 Jul 29 10:01 etc.tar.xz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 670293 Jul 29 09:47 services -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 124166 Jul 29 09:48 services.tar.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 136200 Jul 29 09:48 services.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 100640 Jul 29 09:49 services.tar.xz [root@qls ~]# tar xf etc.tar.bz2 #解压的时候，自动识别压缩包的格式 [root@qls ~]# ll total 26820 drwxr-xr-x 77 root root 8192 Jul 29 08:56 etc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8994047 Jul 29 10:01 etc.tar.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10171684 Jul 29 09:56 etc.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7238084 Jul 29 10:01 etc.tar.xz [root@qls ~]# tar xf etc.tar.gz -C /opt/ [root@qls ~]# ll /opt/ total 668 drwxr-xr-x 77 root root 8192 Jul 29 08:56 etc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 670293 Jul 29 09:47 services [root@qls ~]# tar czvf etc.tar.gz /etc [root@qls ~]# tar xvf etc.tar.gz [root@qls ~]# ll /bin -d lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Jul 6 02:13 /bin -> usr/bin [root@qls ~]# tar czf bin.tar.gz /bin tar: Removing leading `/' from member names [root@qls ~]# ll total 9952 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 110 Jul 29 10:14 bin.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x 77 root root 8192 Jul 29 08:56 etc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10171684 Jul 29 10:04 etc.tar.gz [root@qls ~]# tar xf bin.tar.gz [root@qls ~]# ll total 9952 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jul 6 02:13 bin -> usr/bin -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 110 Jul 29 10:14 bin.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x 77 root root 8192 Jul 29 08:56 etc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10171684 Jul 29 10:04 etc.tar.gz [root@qls ~]# tar czhf bin1.tar.gz /bin tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from hard link targets [root@qls ~]# ll total 36880 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jul 6 02:13 bin -> usr/bin -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27573768 Jul 29 10:16 bin1.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 110 Jul 29 10:14 bin.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x 77 root root 8192 Jul 29 08:56 etc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10171684 Jul 29 10:04 etc.tar.gz #打包的时候有个删根的操作 怎么避免这个删根的操作 #第一种 使用相对路径打包 [root@qls ~]# cd / [root@qls /]# tar czf /root/etc1.tar.gz etc [root@qls /]# ll /root total 46852 dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 20480 Jul 29 08:58 bin -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27573768 Jul 29 10:16 bin1.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 110 Jul 29 10:14 bin.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x 77 root root 8192 Jul 29 08:56 etc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10171684 Jul 29 10:19 etc1.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10171684 Jul 29 10:04 etc.tar.gz #真实打包场景 [root@qls ~]# cd / && tar czf /root/etc3.tar.gz etc && cd - /root [root@qls ~]# ll total 581012 dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 20480 Jul 29 08:58 bin -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27573768 Jul 29 10:16 bin1.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 110 Jul 29 10:14 bin.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x 77 root root 8192 Jul 29 08:56 etc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10171684 Jul 29 10:19 etc1.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 347209728 Jul 29 10:22 etc2.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10171684 Jul 29 10:22 etc3.tar.gz #第二种方法 使用绝对路径打包 告诉系统不要删根 #使用绝对路径打包 [root@qls ~]# tar czPf etc4.tar.gz /etc #使用绝对路经解压 [root@qls ~]# tar xPf etc4.tar.gz [root@qls ~]# cat /etc/services >> /opt/services [root@qls ~]# ll /opt/ total 1744 drwxr-xr-x 77 root root 8192 Jul 29 08:56 etc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 158 Jul 29 10:28 hosts -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1340586 Jul 29 10:29 services [root@qls ~]# tar xPf opt.tar.gz [root@qls ~]# ll /opt/ total 672 drwxr-xr-x 77 root root 8192 Jul 29 08:56 etc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 158 Jul 29 10:28 hosts -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 670293 Jul 29 09:47 services #排除不需要打包的文件 [root@qls ~]# tar czf etc1.tar.gz /etc tar: Removing leading `/' from member names [root@qls ~]# ll total 9936 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10171949 Jul 29 10:51 etc1.tar.gz [root@qls ~]# ll /etc/services -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 670293 Jun 7 2013 /etc/services [root@qls ~]# tar czf etc2.tar.gz --exclude=/etc/services /etc tar: Removing leading `/' from member names [root@qls ~]# ll total 19740 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10171949 Jul 29 10:51 etc1.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10036635 Jul 29 10:52 etc2.tar.gz [root@qls ~]# tar tf etc2.tar.gz | grep services etc/firewalld/services/ #排除多个文件 [root@qls ~]# tar czf etc3.tar.gz --exclude=/etc/services --exclude=/etc/passwd /etc tar: Removing leading `/' from member names [root@qls ~]# ll total 29544 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10171949 Jul 29 10:51 etc1.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10036635 Jul 29 10:52 etc2.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10035297 Jul 29 10:54 etc3.tar.gz [root@qls ~]# tar tf etc3.tar.gz | grep -E 'services|passwd' etc/security/opasswd etc/passwd- etc/pam.d/passwd etc/firewalld/services/ [root@qls ~]# tar czf etc4.tar.gz --exclude=/etc/{services,passwd} /etc tar: Removing leading `/' from member names [root@qls ~]# ll total 39348 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10171949 Jul 29 10:51 etc1.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10036635 Jul 29 10:52 etc2.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10035297 Jul 29 10:54 etc3.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10035297 Jul 29 10:55 etc4.tar.gz [root@qls ~]# cat paichu.list /etc/fstab /etc/group /etc/hosts /etc/passwd /etc/services [root@qls ~]# tar czfX etc5.tar.gz paichu.list /etc tar: Removing leading `/' from member names [root@qls ~]# ll total 49152 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10171949 Jul 29 10:51 etc1.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10036635 Jul 29 10:52 etc2.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10035297 Jul 29 10:54 etc3.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10035297 Jul 29 10:55 etc4.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10033927 Jul 29 10:58 etc5.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 59 Jul 29 10:57 paichu.list [root@qls ~]# tar tf etc5.tar.gz | grep -Ew 'fstab|group|hosts|passwd|services' etc/security/group.conf etc/group- etc/passwd- etc/hosts.allow etc/hosts.deny etc/pam.d/passwd etc/iproute2/group etc/firewalld/services/ [root@qls ~]# tar czf etc6.tar.gz --exclude-from=paichu.list /etc tar: Removing leading `/' from member names [root@qls ~]# ll total 58952 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10171949 Jul 29 10:51 etc1.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10036635 Jul 29 10:52 etc2.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10035297 Jul 29 10:54 etc3.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10035297 Jul 29 10:55 etc4.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10033927 Jul 29 10:58 etc5.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10033927 Jul 29 11:01 etc6.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 59 Jul 29 10:57 paichu.list |
tar命令与find结合
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[root@qls ~]# tar czf log1.tar.gz <code>find /var/log/ -type f -name "*.log" tar: Removing leading `/' from member names [root@qls ~]# tar czf log2.tar.gz $(find /var/log/ -type f -name "*.log") tar: Removing leading `/' from member names [root@qls ~]# find /var/log/ -type f -name "*.log" -exec tar czf log3.tar.gz {} \; tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names [root@qls ~]# [root@qls ~]# find /var/log/ -type f -name "*.log" | xargs tar czf log4.tar.gz tar: Removing leading `/' from member names [root@qls ~]# ll total 916 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 309155 Jul 29 11:09 log1.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 309155 Jul 29 11:09 log2.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 356 Jul 29 11:10 log3.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 309155 Jul 29 11:10 log4.tar.gz [root@qls ~]# tar tf log1.tar.gz var/log/tuned/tuned.log var/log/audit/audit.log var/log/anaconda/anaconda.log var/log/anaconda/X.log var/log/anaconda/program.log var/log/anaconda/packaging.log var/log/anaconda/storage.log var/log/anaconda/ifcfg.log var/log/anaconda/ks-script-3PCKae.log var/log/anaconda/journal.log var/log/boot.log var/log/vmware-vmsvc.log var/log/vmware-network.8.log var/log/vmware-network.5.log var/log/vmware-network.2.log var/log/vmware-network.7.log var/log/vmware-network.4.log var/log/vmware-network.1.log var/log/test.log var/log/yum.log var/log/vmware-network.9.log var/log/nginx/error.log var/log/nginx/access.log var/log/vmware-network.6.log var/log/vmware-network.3.log var/log/vmware-network.log [root@qls ~]# tar tf log3.tar.gz var/log/vmware-network.log 当使用-exec时， 把find查找的文件是进行一个个赋值给{}的 xargs 把find命令查找出来的文件统一的赋值给了后面 |
Linux下将一个文件压缩分包成多个小文件
压缩
将文件test分包压缩成10M 的文件：
tar czf - test | split -b 10m - test.tar.gz
解压
将第一步分拆的多个包解压：
cat test.tar.gz* | tar -xzv