yum总结：
repolist #针对仓库操作
all #显示所有
list #显示所有可安装的软件包
installed #显示已经安装的
updates #显示可更新的
check-update #显示可更新的
update #更新
install #安装
localinstall #本地安装
reinstall #重新安装
remove #卸载
erase #卸载
info #显示软件包信息
search #搜索
provides #查询命令属于哪个软件包
groups #组包管理
install #安装
remove #移除
clean #清空
all #清空所有
packages #清空软件包
plugins #清空插件
makecahce #生成缓存
history #历史记录
list all #显示所有
info ID #显示某次记录的信息
undo ID #回滚这次的操作
yum-config-manager #yum仓库管理工具
--disable #禁用仓库
--enable #启用仓库
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[root@qls ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/ total 40 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1664 Nov 23 2018 CentOS-Base.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1309 Nov 23 2018 CentOS-CR.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 649 Nov 23 2018 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 314 Nov 23 2018 CentOS-fasttrack.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 630 Nov 23 2018 CentOS-Media.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1331 Nov 23 2018 CentOS-Sources.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5701 Nov 23 2018 CentOS-Vault.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 951 Oct 3 2017 epel.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1050 Oct 3 2017 epel-testing.repo 怎么获取yum源 本地的ISO镜像 yum源仓库 联网的方式下载 本地yum仓库 yum的种类 base #基础源 epel #扩展源 软件官方源 # nginx zabbix docker 阿里源 清华源 中科大 163源 #更新源 [root@qls ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/* [root@qls ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo [root@qls ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo [root@qls ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/ total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2523 Jul 30 09:51 CentOS-Base.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 May 11 2018 epel.repo #显示可用的yum仓库 [root@qls ~]# yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com repo id repo name status !base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 10,070 !epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,422 !extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 412 !updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com 900 repolist: 24,804 #显示所有的 [root@qls ~]# yum repolist all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com repo id repo name status !base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 10,070 centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled contrib/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled !epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 enabled: 13,422 epel-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Debug disabled epel-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Source disabled !extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 412 !updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 900 repolist: 24,804 [root@qls ~]# yum install -y yum-utils [root@qls ~]# yum-config-manager --disable epel [root@qls ~]# yum repolist all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com repo id repo name status base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 10,070 centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled contrib/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 disabled epel-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Debug disabled epel-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Source disabled extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 412 updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 900 repolist: 11,382 [root@qls ~]# yum-config-manager --enable epel #软件包管理 #显示所有可安装的包 [root@qls ~]# yum list #显示系统中已经安装的包 [root@qls ~]# yum list installed [root@qls ~]# yum list | grep ^tree tree.x86_64 1.6.0-10.el7 @base treelayout.noarch 1.0.3-4.el7 epel treelayout-demo.noarch 1.0.3-4.el7 epel treelayout-javadoc.noarch 1.0.3-4.el7 epel #显示可更新的包 [root@qls ~]# yum check-update [root@qls ~]# yum list updates [root@qls ~]# rpm -qa httpd httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64 #更新某个软件包 [root@qls ~]# yum update httpd -y [root@qls ~]# rpm -qa httpd httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 #安装软件包 [root@qls ~]# yum install tree #交互式 麻烦 [root@qls ~]# yum install tree -y #免交互 #卸载 [root@qls ~]# yum remove tree -y [root@qls ~]# yum erase tree -y #联网安装软件包 [root@qls ~]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.8.2003/os/x86_64/Packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm #本地安装 [root@qls ~]# yum localinstall -y /mnt/Packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm [root@qls ~]# systemctl start httpd [root@qls ~]# systemctl status httpd ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-07-30 10:36:26 CST; 6s ago [root@qls ~]# rm -f /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf [root@qls ~]# systemctl restart httpd Job for httpd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status httpd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details. #重新安装 [root@qls ~]# yum reinstall -y httpd #搜索 [root@qls ~]# yum search ifconfig Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com ================================================= N/S matched: ifconfig ================================================= python36-ifcfg.noarch : Python cross-platform network interface discovery (ifconfig/ipconfig/ip) Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything. #联网搜索命令属于哪个软件包 [root@qls ~]# yum provides ifconfig Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com epel/x86_64/filelists_db | 12 MB 00:00:04 net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking tools Repo : @base Matched from: Filename : /usr/sbin/ifconfig #查看软件包相关信息 [root@qls ~]# yum info tree Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Installed Packages Name : tree Arch : x86_64 Version : 1.6.0 Release : 10.el7 Size : 87 k Repo : installed Summary : File system tree viewer URL : http://mama.indstate.edu/users/ice/tree/ License : GPLv2+ Description : The tree utility recursively displays the contents of directories in a : tree-like format. Tree is basically a UNIX port of the DOS tree : utility. #组包的安装 [root@qls ~]# yum groups install Python #组包的卸载 [root@qls ~]# yum groups remove Python #yum缓存 #清除包的缓存 [root@qls ~]# yum clean packages Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: base epel extras updates 0 package files removed #清除插件的缓存 [root@qls ~]# yum clean plugins Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: base epel extras updates Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors #清除所有缓存 [root@qls ~]# yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: base epel extras updates #生成缓存 [root@qls ~]# yum makecache #yum 历史记录 [root@qls ~]# yum history Loaded plugins: fastestmirror ID | Command line | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 | reinstall -y httpd | 2020-07-30 10:37 | Reinstall | 1 26 | localinstall -y /mnt/Pac | 2020-07-30 10:11 | Install | 1 25 | erase tree -y | 2020-07-30 10:10 | Erase | 1 24 | install -y https://mirro | 2020-07-30 10:09 | Install | 1 #显示所有历史记录 [root@qls ~]# yum history list all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror ID | Login user | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 | root <root> | 2020-07-30 10:37 | Reinstall | 1 26 | root <root> | 2020-07-30 10:11 | Install | 1 25 | root <root> | 2020-07-30 10:10 | Erase | 1 24 | root <root> | 2020-07-30 10:09 | Install | 1 23 | root <root> | 2020-07-30 10:08 | Erase | 1 22 | root <root> | 2020-07-30 10:08 | Install | 1 #查看某个ID的历史信息 [root@qls ~]# yum history info 15 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Transaction ID : 15 Begin time : Wed Jul 22 08:51:56 2020 Begin rpmdb : 372:6b59857cbbb441dc1cf9e1a96ab23013fd830365 End time : (0 seconds) End rpmdb : 373:c16ad60498e5079097783959293418aeedfc68b5 User : root <root> Return-Code : Success Command Line : install -y psmisc Transaction performed with: Installed rpm-4.11.3-35.el7.x86_64 @anaconda Installed yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch @anaconda Installed yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch @anaconda Packages Altered: Install psmisc-22.20-16.el7.x86_64 @base history info #回滚历史ID为10的操作 [root@qls ~]# yum history undo 10 -y [root@qls ~]# yum --setopt=history_list_view=commands history list all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror ID | Command line | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 | history undo 10 | 2020-07-30 10:49 | Erase | 21 27 | reinstall -y httpd | 2020-07-30 10:37 | Reinstall | 1 26 | localinstall -y /mnt/Pac | 2020-07-30 10:11 | Install | 1 25 | erase tree -y | 2020-07-30 10:10 | Erase | 1 24 | install -y https://mirro | 2020-07-30 10:09 | Install | 1 23 | erase tree -y | 2020-07-30 10:08 | Erase | 1 22 | install tree -y | 2020-07-30 10:08 | Install | 1 21 | remove tree -y | 2020-07-30 10:08 | Erase | 1 [root@qls ~]# ll /etc/yum.conf #只下载 不安装 指定下载的路径 [root@qls ~]# yum install -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/opt nginx [root@qls ~]# ll /opt/ total 4380 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 93872 Jul 4 2014 centos-indexhtml-7-9.el7.centos.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 65788 Jul 4 2014 dejavu-fonts-common-2.33-6.el7.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1482820 Jul 4 2014 dejavu-sans-fonts-2.33-6.el7.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 260512 Nov 12 2018 fontconfig-2.13.0-4.3.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10116 Jul 4 2014 fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-8.el7.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 149492 Jul 4 2014 gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 278636 Apr 25 2018 gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 137752 Aug 23 2019 libjpeg-turbo-1.2.90-8.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 621364 Aug 23 2019 libX11-1.6.7-2.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 168172 Aug 23 2019 libX11-common-1.6.7-2.el7.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29784 Jul 4 2014 libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 218900 Nov 12 2018 libxcb-1.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 56800 Aug 11 2017 libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 575413 Oct 4 2019 nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19857 Oct 4 2019 nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21089 Oct 4 2019 nginx-filesystem-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 30445 Oct 4 2019 nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39849 Oct 4 2019 nginx-mod-http-perl-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29613 Oct 4 2019 nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 58301 Oct 4 2019 nginx-mod-mail-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 86465 Oct 4 2019 nginx-mod-stream-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm [root@qls ~]# cat /etc/yum.conf [main] #cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever cachedir=/opt #指定下载保存路径 keepcache=1 #开启缓存 [root@qls ~]# yum install -y nginx [root@qls ~]# ll /opt/ total 12 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 256 Jul 30 11:03 base drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 30 11:03 epel drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 161 Jul 30 11:03 extras -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 117 Jul 30 11:04 timedhosts -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 107 Jul 30 11:03 timedhosts.txt drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 161 Jul 30 11:03 updates [root@qls ~]# find /opt/ -name "*.rpm" /opt/base/packages/centos-indexhtml-7-9.el7.centos.noarch.rpm /opt/base/packages/dejavu-fonts-common-2.33-6.el7.noarch.rpm /opt/base/packages/fontconfig-2.13.0-4.3.el7.x86_64.rpm /opt/base/packages/dejavu-sans-fonts-2.33-6.el7.noarch.rpm /opt/base/packages/fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-8.el7.noarch.rpm /opt/base/packages/gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64.rpm /opt/base/packages/gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm /opt/base/packages/libX11-1.6.7-2.el7.x86_64.rpm /opt/base/packages/libX11-common-1.6.7-2.el7.noarch.rpm /opt/base/packages/libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm /opt/base/packages/libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm /opt/base/packages/libjpeg-turbo-1.2.90-8.el7.x86_64.rpm /opt/base/packages/libxcb-1.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm /opt/epel/packages/nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm /opt/epel/packages/nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm /opt/epel/packages/nginx-filesystem-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm /opt/epel/packages/nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm /opt/epel/packages/nginx-mod-http-perl-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm /opt/epel/packages/nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm /opt/epel/packages/nginx-mod-mail-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm /opt/epel/packages/nginx-mod-stream-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm |